Colorectal cancer

Colorectal cancer is a type of cancer that begins in the large intestine, the lower part of your digestive system. Rectal cancer is a cancer of the last several inches of the colon. These cancers both have similar features, so they are often grouped together and referred to as colorectal cancer. Most cases of colorectal cancer start as noncancerous growths referred to as polyps. Some of these polyps, over time, may become cancerous if not treated early.

Polyps are often small and do not always cause symptoms. Because of this, we recommend regular screening tests to help detect colorectal cancer early.

We encourage all patients to begin regular screenings for colorectal cancer at 50 years old. Screenings are important to ensure your body stays healthy and to detect any concerning developments, which may include early signs of cancer.

The most common way to screen for colorectal cancer is through a colonoscopy. The procedure involves inserting a thin, flexible tube attached to a camera into the rectum. This allows doctors to gain a detailed view of the colon and catch any signs of cancer early. A colonoscopy usually takes about 30 minutes and patients are typically provided a moderate sedative.

Additional screenings for colorectal cancer include:

• Barium enema with contrast (double-contrast barium enema)
• Fecal immunochemical test (FIT)
• Fecal occult blood test (FOBT)
• Virtual colonoscopy

Talk to your doctor about more frequent testing if you have any of these colorectal cancer risk factors:

• A personal history of inflammatory bowel disease
• A personal or family history of colorectal cancer or polyps
• Being overweight or obese
• Diets high in red meat and low in produce
• Drinking more than one drink a day (women) or two drinks a day (men)
• Getting less than 30 minutes of physical activity a day
• Having Type 2 diabetes
• Smoking

Patients may not always show signs and symptoms of colorectal cancer, or they may mimic symptoms of common gastrointestinal (GI) conditions.

However, colorectal cancer symptoms can include:

• A feeling that your bowel does not empty completely
• Blood (either bright red or very dark) in your stool
• Diarrhea or constipation
• Fatigue
• Frequent gas pains or cramps or frequently feeling full or bloated
• Nausea or vomiting
• Stools that are narrower than usual
• Weight loss with no known reason

We offer comprehensive colorectal cancer treatment through our oncology program. Our team of doctors, nurses, surgeons and healthcare professionals will work together to create an individualized treatment plan to fit your unique needs.

This may include:

• Chemotherapy
• Medications
• Radiation therapy
• Surgery